二进制高可用安装k8s集群
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容器及K8S管理

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二进制高可用安装k8s集群

一.环境规划+配置

K8S官网：https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/
最新版高可用安装：https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/high-availability/

如果在vm虚拟机上安装，首先先在虚拟机配置好机器。
VMware 虚拟机配置方法←点击

生产环境建议用二进制安装，虚拟机最好不要用中文的服务器和克隆的虚拟机（可能会有bug）。

1.高可用的集群规划

VIP（虚拟IP）不要和公司内网IP重复，首先去ping一下，不通才可用。VIP需要和主机在同一个局域网内！公有云的话，VIP为公有云的负载均衡的IP，比如阿里云的SLB地址，腾讯云的ELB地址，注意公有云的负载均衡都是内网的负载均衡。

192.168.0.107 k8s-master01 # 2C2G 40G
192.168.0.108 k8s-master02 # 2C2G 40G
192.168.0.109 k8s-master03 # 2C2G 40G
192.168.0.236 k8s-master-lb # VIP 虚IP不占用机器资源 # 如果不是高可用集群，该IP为Master01的IP
192.168.0.110 k8s-node01 # 2C2G 40G
192.168.0.111 k8s-node02  # 2C2G 40G
K8s Service网段：10.96.0.0/12
K8s Pod网段：172.16.0.0/12
# 宿主机网段、K8s Service网段、Pod网段不能重复
2.配置host主机名

配置所有节点hosts文件

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

192.168.0.107 k8s-master01
192.168.0.108 k8s-master02
192.168.0.109 k8s-master03
192.168.0.236 k8s-master-lb # 如果不是高可用集群，该IP为Master01的IP
192.168.0.110 k8s-node01
192.168.0.111 k8s-node02
3.关闭firewalld、selinux

所有节点关闭firewalld 、dnsmasq、selinux(CentOS7需要关闭NetworkManager，CentOS8不需要)

systemctl disable --now firewalld 
systemctl disable --now dnsmasq # 无dnsmasq可忽略
setenforce 0
cat /etc/sysconfig/selinux

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled
4.关闭swap分区,所有节点同步时间

所有节点关闭swap分区，fstab注释swap

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# swapoff -a && sysctl -w vm.swappiness=0  //关闭swap
vm.swappiness = 0
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# vi /etc/fstab 
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# cat /etc/fstab   //注释swap开机自启

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Fri Nov  1 23:02:53 2019
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk/'.
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info.
#
# After editing this file, run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to update systemd
# units generated from this file.
#
/dev/mapper/cl-root     /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=6897cd7b-9b3a-42b0-a827-57991141b297 /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2
#/dev/mapper/cl-swap     swap                    swap    defaults        0 0

安装ntpdate（CentOS 7 无需安装，自带ntpdate命令），所有节点同步时间

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# rpm -ivh http://mirrors.wlnmp.com/centos/wlnmp-release-centos.noarch.rpm
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# yum install wntp -y
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# echo 'Asia/Shanghai' > /etc/timezone
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# ntpdate time2.aliyun.com

设置时间定期执行

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# crontab -e
*/5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate time2.aliyun.com
5.优化系统，配置yum源

所有节点配置limit：

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# ulimit -SHn 65535

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf
# 末尾添加如下内容
* soft nofile 655360
* hard nofile 131072
* soft nproc 655350
* hard nproc 655350
* soft memlock unlimited
* hard memlock unlimited

Master01节点生成ssh key

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa

Master01配置免密码登录其他节点

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# for i in k8s-master01 k8s-master02 k8s-master03 k8s-node01 k8s-node02;do ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub $i;done

所有节点安装基本工具

yum install wget jq psmisc vim net-tools yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 git -y

Master01下载安装文件，切换到1.19.x分支

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# git clone https://gitee.com/yjexample/k8s-ha-install.git
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# cd k8s-ha-install && git checkout manual-installation-v1.19.x

所有节点配置，CentOS 7安装yum源如下：

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

所有节点，CentOS 8 安装源如下：

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-8.repo
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# yum makecache
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

二.系统/内核升级

1.系统升级

无论是CentOS7和CentOS8都需要升级
所有节点升级
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# yum update -y

2.内核升级

a.CentOS7

所有节点 CentOS7必须升级 ，默认内核版本是3.10，升级内核4.18+
安装最新版内核

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# rpm -Uvh http://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-2.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm

查看最新版内核

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="elrepo-kernel" list available

安装最新版：

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# yum --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel install kernel-ml kernel-ml-devel -y

安装完成后reboot
更改内核顺序：

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# grub2-set-default  0 && grub2-mkconfig -o /etc/grub2.cfg && grubby --args="user_namespace.enable=1" --update-kernel="$(grubby --default-kernel)" && reboot

开机后查看内核

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# uname -a
5.13.1-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64
b.CentOS 8

所有节点 CentOS 8按需升级，默认内核版本是4.18
Cen可以采用dnf升级，也可使用上述同样步骤升级（使用上述步骤注意elrepo-release-8.1版本）

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# yum install https://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-8.el8.elrepo.noarch.rpm

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# dnf --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel -y install kernel-ml kernel-ml-devel

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# grubby --default-kernel && reboot

重启后查看内核

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# # uname -r
5.8.3-1.el8.elrepo.x86_64

三.基本组件安装

1.ipvs安装

所有节点安装ipvs

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# yum install ipvsadm ipset sysstat conntrack libseccomp -y

# 内核4.18以下nf_conntrack_ipv4，内核高于4.18 nf_conntrack

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# cat /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf 
ip_vs
ip_vs_lc
ip_vs_wlc
ip_vs_rr
ip_vs_wrr
ip_vs_lblc
ip_vs_lblcr
ip_vs_dh
ip_vs_sh
ip_vs_fo
ip_vs_nq
ip_vs_sed
ip_vs_ftp
ip_vs_sh
nf_conntrack
ip_tables
ip_set
xt_set
ipt_set
ipt_rpfilter
ipt_REJECT
ipip

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# systemctl enable --now systemd-modules-load.service

####### 警告忽略

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# lsmod | grep --color=auto -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack    //不显示则过会重启systemctl restart systemd-modules-load.service
ip_vs_ftp              16384  0
ip_vs_sed              16384  0
ip_vs_nq               16384  0
ip_vs_fo               16384  0
ip_vs_dh               16384  0
ip_vs_lblcr            16384  0
ip_vs_lblc             16384  0
ip_vs_wlc              16384  0
ip_vs_lc               16384  0
ip_vs_sh               16384  0
ip_vs_wrr              16384  0
ip_vs_rr               16384  11
ip_vs                 172032  35 ip_vs_wlc,ip_vs_rr,ip_vs_dh,ip_vs_lblcr,ip_vs_sh,ip_vs_fo,ip_vs_nq,ip_vs_lblc,ip_vs_wrr,ip_vs_lc,ip_vs_sed,ip_v_ftp
nf_defrag_ipv6         20480  2 nf_conntrack_ipv6,ip_vs
nf_nat                 36864  3 nf_nat_ipv6,nf_nat_ipv4,ip_vs_ftp
nf_conntrack          155648  9 xt_conntrack,nf_conntrack_ipv6,nf_conntrack_ipv4,nf_nat,nf_nat_ipv6,ipt_MASQUERADE,nf_nat_ipv4,nf_conntrack_netlink,ip_vs
libcrc32c              16384  4 nf_conntrack,nf_nat,xfs,ip_vs

所有节点配置内核参数

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# cat  /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
fs.may_detach_mounts = 1
vm.overcommit_memory=1
vm.panic_on_oom=0
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=89100
fs.file-max=52706963
fs.nr_open=52706963
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=2310720

net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl =15
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 36000
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 327680
net.ipv4.tcp_orphan_retries = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.ip_conntrack_max = 65536
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.core.somaxconn = 16384

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# sysctl --system  //查看验证

所有节点配置完内核后，重启服务器，保证重启后内核依旧加载

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# reboot
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# lsmod | grep --color=auto -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack   //重启后验证

2.docker安装

a.containerd新版安装

[[root@k8s-master01 ~]# wget https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/7/x86_64/stable/Packages/containerd.io-1.2.13-3.2.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# yum install containerd.io-1.2.13-3.2.el7.x86_64.rpm -y

b.docker新版安装

所有节点安装最新版Docker

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# yum install docker-ce -y

由于新版kubelet建议使用systemd，所以可以把docker的CgroupDriver改成systemd

[root@k8s-master01 ~]mkdir -p /etc/docker
[root@k8s-master01 ~]cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json 
{
"registry-mirrors": [
    "https://registry.docker-cn.com",
    "http://hub-mirror.c.163.com",
    "https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"
  ],
  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}

所有节点开启Docker并设置开机自启动

[root@k8s-master01 k8s-ha-install]# systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable --now docker

3.kubernetes安装

先在Master01操作，后再同步到其他节点
官网下载kubernetes安装包

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# wget https://dl.k8s.io/v1.20.0/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz

下载etcd安装包

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# wget https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.12/etcd-v3.4.12-linux-amd64.tar.gz

解压kubernetes安装文件

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# tar -xf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz  --strip-components=3 -C /usr/local/bin kubernetes/server/bin/kube{let,ctl,-apiserver,-controller-manager,-scheduler,-proxy}

解压etcd安装文件

[root@k8s-master01 ~]#  tar -zxvf etcd-v3.4.12-linux-amd64.tar.gz --strip-components=1 -C /usr/local/bin etcd-v3.4.12-linux-amd64/etcd{,ctl}

版本查看

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# # kubelet --version
Kubernetes v1.20.0
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# etcdctl version
etcdctl version: 3.4.12
API version: 3.4

将组件发送到其他节点

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# MasterNodes='k8s-master02 k8s-master03'
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# WorkNodes='k8s-node01 k8s-node02'
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# for NODE in $MasterNodes; do echo $NODE; scp /usr/local/bin/kube{let,ctl,-apiserver,-controller-manager,-scheduler,-proxy} $NODE:/usr/local/bin/; scp /usr/local/bin/etcd* $NODE:/usr/local/bin/; done
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# for NODE in $WorkNodes; do     scp /usr/local/bin/kube{let,-proxy} $NODE:/usr/local/bin/ ; done

四.证书生成（重点）

二进制安装最关键步骤，一步错误全盘皆输:
Master01下载生成证书工具:

wget "https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64" -O /usr/local/bin/cfssl
wget "https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64" -O /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/cfssl /usr/local/bin/cfssljson

所有Master节点创建etcd证书目录,所有节点创建kubernetes相关目录:

mkdir /etc/etcd/ssl -p
mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/pki

Master01节点生成etcd证书,生成证书的CSR文件：证书签名请求文件，配置了一些域名、公司、单位:

[root@k8s-master01 pki]# cd /root/k8s-ha-install/pki

# 生成etcd CA证书和CA证书的key
cfssl gencert -initca etcd-ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-ca


cfssl gencert \
   -ca=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-ca.pem \
   -ca-key=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-ca-key.pem \
   -config=ca-config.json \
   -hostname=127.0.0.1,k8s-master01,k8s-master02,k8s-master03,192.168.0.107,192.168.0.108,192.168.0.109 \
   -profile=kubernetes \
   etcd-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/etcd/ssl/etcd

执行结果
2019/12/26 22:48:00 [INFO] generate received request
2019/12/26 22:48:00 [INFO] received CSR
2019/12/26 22:48:00 [INFO] generating key: rsa-2048
2019/12/26 22:48:01 [INFO] encoded CSR
2019/12/26 22:48:01 [INFO] signed certificate with serial number 250230878926052708909595617022917808304837732033

将证书复制到其他节点

MasterNodes='k8s-master02 k8s-master03'
WorkNodes='k8s-node01 k8s-node02'
for NODE in $MasterNodes; do
     ssh $NODE "mkdir -p /etc/etcd/ssl"
     for FILE in etcd-ca-key.pem  etcd-ca.pem  etcd-key.pem  etcd.pem; do
       scp /etc/etcd/ssl/${FILE} $NODE:/etc/etcd/ssl/${FILE}
     done
 done

Master01生成kubernetes证书:

[root@k8s-master01 pki]# cd /root/k8s-ha-install/pki

cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca

# 10.96.0.是k8s service的网段，如果说需要更改k8s service网段，那就需要更改10.96.0.1，
# 如果不是高可用集群，192.168.0.236为Master01的IP

cfssl gencert   -ca=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem   -ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca-key.pem   -config=ca-config.json   -hostname=10.96.0.1,192.168.0.236,127.0.0.1,kubernetes,kubernetes.default,kubernetes.default.svc,kubernetes.default.svc.cluster,kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local,192.168.0.107,192.168.0.108,192.168.0.109   -profile=kubernetes   apiserver-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver

生成apiserver的聚合证书。Requestheader-client-xxx requestheader-allowwd-xxx:aggerator

cfssl gencert   -initca front-proxy-ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca 

cfssl gencert   -ca=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.pem   -ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca-key.pem   -config=ca-config.json   -profile=kubernetes   front-proxy-client-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client

返回结果（忽略警告）:

2020/12/11 18:15:28 [INFO] generate received request
2020/12/11 18:15:28 [INFO] received CSR
2020/12/11 18:15:28 [INFO] generating key: rsa-2048

2020/12/11 18:15:28 [INFO] encoded CSR
2020/12/11 18:15:28 [INFO] signed certificate with serial number 597484897564859295955894546063479154194995827845
2020/12/11 18:15:28 [WARNING] This certificate lacks a "hosts" field. This makes it unsuitable for
websites. For more information see the Baseline Requirements for the Issuance and Management
of Publicly-Trusted Certificates, v.1.1.6, from the CA/Browser Forum (https://cabforum.org);
specifically, section 10.2.3 ("Information Requirements").

# 生成controller-manage的证书:

cfssl gencert \
   -ca=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \
   -ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca-key.pem \
   -config=ca-config.json \
   -profile=kubernetes \
   manager-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/kubernetes/pki/controller-manager

# 注意，如果不是高可用集群，192.168.0.236:8443改为master01的地址，8443改为apiserver的端口，默认是6443
# set-cluster：设置一个集群项，

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
     --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \
     --embed-certs=true \
     --server=https://192.168.0.236:8443 \
     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager.kubeconfig

# 设置一个环境项，一个上下文
kubectl config set-context system:kube-controller-manager@kubernetes \
    --cluster=kubernetes \
    --user=system:kube-controller-manager \
    --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager.kubeconfig

# set-credentials 设置一个用户项

kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-controller-manager \
     --client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/pki/controller-manager.pem \
     --client-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/controller-manager-key.pem \
     --embed-certs=true \
     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager.kubeconfig


# 使用某个环境当做默认环境

kubectl config use-context system:kube-controller-manager@kubernetes \
     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager.kubeconfig



cfssl gencert \
   -ca=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \
   -ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca-key.pem \
   -config=ca-config.json \
   -profile=kubernetes \
   scheduler-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/kubernetes/pki/scheduler

# 注意，如果不是高可用集群，192.168.0.236:8443改为master01的地址，8443改为apiserver的端口，默认是6443

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
     --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \
     --embed-certs=true \
     --server=https://192.168.0.236:8443 \
     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/scheduler.kubeconfig


kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-scheduler \
     --client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/pki/scheduler.pem \
     --client-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/scheduler-key.pem \
     --embed-certs=true \
     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/scheduler.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-context system:kube-scheduler@kubernetes \
     --cluster=kubernetes \
     --user=system:kube-scheduler \
     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/scheduler.kubeconfig


kubectl config use-context system:kube-scheduler@kubernetes \
     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/scheduler.kubeconfig


cfssl gencert \
   -ca=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \
   -ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca-key.pem \
   -config=ca-config.json \
   -profile=kubernetes \
   admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/kubernetes/pki/admin

# 注意，如果不是高可用集群，192.168.0.236:8443改为master01的地址，8443改为apiserver的端口，默认是6443

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes     --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem     --embed-certs=true     --server=https://192.168.0.236:8443     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/admin.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials kubernetes-admin     --client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/pki/admin.pem     --client-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/admin-key.pem     --embed-certs=true     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/admin.kubeconfig


kubectl config set-context kubernetes-admin@kubernetes     --cluster=kubernetes     --user=kubernetes-admin     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/admin.kubeconfig


kubectl config use-context kubernetes-admin@kubernetes     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/admin.kubeconfig

创建ServiceAccount Key secret:

openssl genrsa -out /etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.key 2048

返回结果
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus (2 primes)
...................................................................................+++++
...............+++++
e is 65537 (0x010001)

 openssl rsa -in /etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.key -pubout -out /etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.pub

发送证书至其他节点:

for NODE in k8s-master02 k8s-master03; do for FILE in $(ls /etc/kubernetes/pki | grep -v etcd); doscp /etc/kubernetes/pki/${FILE} $NODE:/etc/kubernetes/pki/${FILE}; done; for FILE in admin.kubeconfig controller-manager.kubeconfig scheduler.kubeconfig; do scp /etc/kubernetes/${FILE} $NODE:/etc/kubernetes/${FILE}; done; done

查看证书文件:

[root@k8s-master01 pki]# ls /etc/kubernetes/pki/
admin.csr      apiserver.csr      ca.csr      controller-manager.csr      front-proxy-ca.csr      front-proxy-client.csr      sa.key         scheduler-key.pem
admin-key.pem  apiserver-key.pem  ca-key.pem  controller-manager-key.pem  front-proxy-ca-key.pem  front-proxy-client-key.pem  sa.pub         scheduler.pem
admin.pem      apiserver.pem      ca.pem      controller-manager.pem      front-proxy-ca.pem      front-proxy-client.pem      scheduler.csr
[root@k8s-master01 pki]# ls /etc/kubernetes/pki/ |wc -l
23

五.系统组件配置etcd

etcd配置大致相同，注意修改每个Master节点的etcd配置的主机名和IP地址
Master01:

vim /etc/etcd/etcd.config.yml

name: 'k8s-master01'
data-dir: /var/lib/etcd
wal-dir: /var/lib/etcd/wal
snapshot-count: 5000
heartbeat-interval: 100
election-timeout: 1000
quota-backend-bytes: 0
listen-peer-urls: 'https://192.168.0.107:2380'
listen-client-urls: 'https://192.168.0.107:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379'
max-snapshots: 3
max-wals: 5
cors:
initial-advertise-peer-urls: 'https://192.168.0.107:2380'
advertise-client-urls: 'https://192.168.0.107:2379'
discovery:
discovery-fallback: 'proxy'
discovery-proxy:
discovery-srv:
initial-cluster: 'k8s-master01=https://192.168.0.107:2380,k8s-master02=https://192.168.0.108:2380,k8s-master03=https://192.168.0.109:2380'
initial-cluster-token: 'etcd-k8s-cluster'
initial-cluster-state: 'new'
strict-reconfig-check: false
enable-v2: true
enable-pprof: true
proxy: 'off'
proxy-failure-wait: 5000
proxy-refresh-interval: 30000
proxy-dial-timeout: 1000
proxy-write-timeout: 5000
proxy-read-timeout: 0
client-transport-security:
  cert-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd.pem'
  key-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-key.pem'
  client-cert-auth: true
  trusted-ca-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-ca.pem'
  auto-tls: true
peer-transport-security:
  cert-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd.pem'
  key-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-key.pem'
  peer-client-cert-auth: true
  trusted-ca-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-ca.pem'
  auto-tls: true
debug: false
log-package-levels:
log-outputs: [default]
force-new-cluster: false

master02:

vim /etc/etcd/etcd.config.yml

name: 'k8s-master02'
data-dir: /var/lib/etcd
wal-dir: /var/lib/etcd/wal
snapshot-count: 5000
heartbeat-interval: 100
election-timeout: 1000
quota-backend-bytes: 0
listen-peer-urls: 'https://192.168.0.108:2380'
listen-client-urls: 'https://192.168.0.108:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379'
max-snapshots: 3
max-wals: 5
cors:
initial-advertise-peer-urls: 'https://192.168.0.108:2380'
advertise-client-urls: 'https://192.168.0.108:2379'
discovery:
discovery-fallback: 'proxy'
discovery-proxy:
discovery-srv:
initial-cluster: 'k8s-master01=https://192.168.0.107:2380,k8s-master02=https://192.168.0.108:2380,k8s-master03=https://192.168.0.109:2380'
initial-cluster-token: 'etcd-k8s-cluster'
initial-cluster-state: 'new'
strict-reconfig-check: false
enable-v2: true
enable-pprof: true
proxy: 'off'
proxy-failure-wait: 5000
proxy-refresh-interval: 30000
proxy-dial-timeout: 1000
proxy-write-timeout: 5000
proxy-read-timeout: 0
client-transport-security:
  cert-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd.pem'
  key-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-key.pem'
  client-cert-auth: true
  trusted-ca-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-ca.pem'
  auto-tls: true
peer-transport-security:
  cert-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd.pem'
  key-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-key.pem'
  peer-client-cert-auth: true
  trusted-ca-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-ca.pem'
  auto-tls: true
debug: false
log-package-levels:
log-outputs: [default]
force-new-cluster: false

master03:

vim /etc/etcd/etcd.config.yml

name: 'k8s-master03'
data-dir: /var/lib/etcd
wal-dir: /var/lib/etcd/wal
snapshot-count: 5000
heartbeat-interval: 100
election-timeout: 1000
quota-backend-bytes: 0
listen-peer-urls: 'https://192.168.0.109:2380'
listen-client-urls: 'https://192.168.0.109:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379'
max-snapshots: 3
max-wals: 5
cors:
initial-advertise-peer-urls: 'https://192.168.0.109:2380'
advertise-client-urls: 'https://192.168.0.109:2379'
discovery:
discovery-fallback: 'proxy'
discovery-proxy:
discovery-srv:
initial-cluster: 'k8s-master01=https://192.168.0.107:2380,k8s-master02=https://192.168.0.108:2380,k8s-master03=https://192.168.0.109:2380'
initial-cluster-token: 'etcd-k8s-cluster'
initial-cluster-state: 'new'
strict-reconfig-check: false
enable-v2: true
enable-pprof: true
proxy: 'off'
proxy-failure-wait: 5000
proxy-refresh-interval: 30000
proxy-dial-timeout: 1000
proxy-write-timeout: 5000
proxy-read-timeout: 0
client-transport-security:
  cert-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd.pem'
  key-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-key.pem'
  client-cert-auth: true
  trusted-ca-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-ca.pem'
  auto-tls: true
peer-transport-security:
  cert-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd.pem'
  key-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-key.pem'
  peer-client-cert-auth: true
  trusted-ca-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-ca.pem'
  auto-tls: true
debug: false
log-package-levels:
log-outputs: [default]
force-new-cluster: false

创建Service:

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service

[Unit]
Description=Etcd Service
Documentation=https://coreos.com/etcd/docs/latest/
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/etcd --config-file=/etc/etcd/etcd.config.yml
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=10
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
Alias=etcd3.service

所有Master节点创建etcd的证书目录:

mkdir /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd
ln -s /etc/etcd/ssl/* /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now etcd

查看etcd状态:

export ETCDCTL_API=3
etcdctl --endpoints="192.168.0.109:2379,192.168.0.108:2379,192.168.0.107:2379" --cacert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-ca.pem --cert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd.pem --key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-key.pem  endpoint status --write-out=table

六.高可用配置

高可用配置（注意：如果不是高可用集群，haproxy和keepalived无需安装）
如果在云上安装也无需执行此节的步骤，可以直接使用云上的lb，比如阿里云slb，腾讯云elb等
公有云要用公有云自带的负载均衡，比如阿里云的SLB，腾讯云的ELB，用来替代haproxy和keepalived，因为公有云大部分都是不支持keepalived的，另外如果用阿里云的话，kubectl控制端不能放在master节点，推荐使用腾讯云，因为阿里云的slb有回环的问题，也就是slb代理的服务器不能反向访问SLB，但是腾讯云修复了这个问题。
所有Master节点安装keepalived和haproxy:

yum install keepalived haproxy -y

所有Master配置HAProxy，配置一样:

vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg 
global
  maxconn  2000
  ulimit-n  16384
  log  127.0.0.1 local0 err
  stats timeout 30s

defaults
  log global
  mode  http
  option  httplog
  timeout connect 5000
  timeout client  50000
  timeout server  50000
  timeout http-request 15s
  timeout http-keep-alive 15s

frontend k8s-master
  bind 0.0.0.0:8443
  bind 127.0.0.1:8443
  mode tcp
  option tcplog
  tcp-request inspect-delay 5s
  default_backend k8s-master

backend k8s-master
  mode tcp
  option tcplog
  option tcp-check
  balance roundrobin
  default-server inter 10s downinter 5s rise 2 fall 2 slowstart 60s maxconn 250 maxqueue 256 weight 100
  server k8s-master01    192.168.0.107:6443  check
  server k8s-master02    192.168.0.108:6443  check
  server k8s-master03    192.168.0.109:6443  check

所有Master节点配置KeepAlived,配置不一样注意区分,注意每个节点的IP和网卡（interface参数）
Master01:

[root@k8s-master01 pki]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
    router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_script chk_apiserver {
    script "/etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh"
    interval 5 
    weight -5
    fall 2
    rise 1
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens33
    mcast_src_ip 192.168.0.107
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 101
    nopreempt
    advert_int 2
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass K8SHA_KA_AUTH
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.0.236
    }
    track_script {
      chk_apiserver 
} }

Master02:

vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
    router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_script chk_apiserver {
    script "/etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh"
    interval 5 
    weight -5
    fall 2
    rise 1
 
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface ens33
    mcast_src_ip 192.168.0.108
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    nopreempt
    advert_int 2
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass K8SHA_KA_AUTH
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.0.236
    }
    track_script {
      chk_apiserver 
} }

Master03

vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
    router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_script chk_apiserver {
    script "/etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh"
    interval 5
    weight -5
    fall 2  
    rise 1
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface ens33
    mcast_src_ip 192.168.0.109
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    nopreempt
    advert_int 2
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass K8SHA_KA_AUTH
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.0.236
    }
    track_script {
      chk_apiserver 
} }

健康检查配置
所有master节点:

[root@k8s-master01 keepalived]# cat /etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh 

#!/bin/bash

err=0
for k in $(seq 1 3)
do
    check_code=$(pgrep haproxy)
    if [[ $check_code == "" ]]; then
        err=$(expr $err + 1)
        sleep 1
        continue
    else
        err=0
        break
    fi
done

if [[ $err != "0" ]]; then
    echo "systemctl stop keepalived"
    /usr/bin/systemctl stop keepalived
    exit 1
else
    exit 0
fi

chmod +x /etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh

所有master节点启动haproxy和keepalived:

[root@k8s-master01 keepalived]# systemctl daemon-reload
 [root@k8s-master01 keepalived]# systemctl enable --now haproxy
[root@k8s-master01 keepalived]# systemctl enable --now keepalived

VIP测试:

[root@k8s-master01 pki]# ping 192.168.0.236
PING 192.168.0.236 (192.168.0.236) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.0.236: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.39 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.0.236: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=2.46 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.0.236: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=1.68 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.0.236: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=1.08 ms

重要：如果安装了keepalived和haproxy，需要测试keepalived是否是正常的:
telnet 192.168.0.236 8443

七.Kubernetes组件配置

所有节点创建相关目录：

mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/manifests/ /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d /var/lib/kubelet /var/log/kubernetes

Apiserver:
所有Master节点创建kube-apiserver service，# 注意，如果不是高可用集群，192.168.0.236改为master01的地址
Master01配置:
注意本文档使用的k8s service网段为10.96.0.0/12，该网段不能和宿主机的网段、Pod网段的重复，请按需修改:

[root@k8s-master01 pki]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service 

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-apiserver \
      --v=2  \
      --logtostderr=true  \
      --allow-privileged=true  \
      --bind-address=0.0.0.0  \
      --secure-port=6443  \
      --insecure-port=0  \
      --advertise-address=192.168.0.107 \
      --service-cluster-ip-range=10.96.0.0/12  \
      --service-node-port-range=30000-32767  \
      --etcd-servers=https://192.168.0.107:2379,https://192.168.0.108:2379,https://192.168.0.109:2379 \
      --etcd-cafile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-ca.pem  \
      --etcd-certfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem  \
      --etcd-keyfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem  \
      --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem  \
      --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.pem  \
      --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-key.pem  \
      --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.pem  \
      --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-key.pem  \
      --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.pub  \
      --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.key  \
      --service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local \
      --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname  \
      --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,NodeRestriction,ResourceQuota  \
      --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC  \
      --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true  \
      --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.pem  \
      --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client.pem  \
      --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client-key.pem  \
      --requestheader-allowed-names=aggregator  \
      --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group  \
      --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra-  \
      --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User
      # --token-auth-file=/etc/kubernetes/token.csv

Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=10s
LimitNOFILE=65535

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Master02配置:

[root@k8s-master01 pki]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service 

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-apiserver \
      --v=2  \
      --logtostderr=true  \
      --allow-privileged=true  \
      --bind-address=0.0.0.0  \
      --secure-port=6443  \
      --insecure-port=0  \
      --advertise-address=192.168.0.108 \
      --service-cluster-ip-range=10.96.0.0/12  \
      --service-node-port-range=30000-32767  \
      --etcd-servers=https://192.168.0.107:2379,https://192.168.0.108:2379,https://192.168.0.109:2379 \
      --etcd-cafile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-ca.pem  \
      --etcd-certfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem  \
      --etcd-keyfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem  \
      --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem  \
      --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.pem  \
      --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-key.pem  \
      --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.pem  \
      --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-key.pem  \
      --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.pub  \
      --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.key  \
      --service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local \
      --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname  \
      --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,NodeRestriction,ResourceQuota  \
      --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC  \
      --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true  \
      --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.pem  \
      --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client.pem  \
      --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client-key.pem  \
      --requestheader-allowed-names=aggregator  \
      --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group  \
      --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra-  \
      --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User
      # --token-auth-file=/etc/kubernetes/token.csv

Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=10s
LimitNOFILE=65535

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Master03配置:

[root@k8s-master01 pki]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service 

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-apiserver \
      --v=2  \
      --logtostderr=true  \
      --allow-privileged=true  \
      --bind-address=0.0.0.0  \
      --secure-port=6443  \
      --insecure-port=0  \
      --advertise-address=192.168.0.109 \
      --service-cluster-ip-range=10.96.0.0/12  \
      --service-node-port-range=30000-32767  \
      --etcd-servers=https://192.168.0.107:2379,https://192.168.0.108:2379,https://192.168.0.109:2379 \
      --etcd-cafile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-ca.pem  \
      --etcd-certfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem  \
      --etcd-keyfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem  \
      --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem  \
      --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.pem  \
      --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-key.pem  \
      --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.pem  \
      --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-key.pem  \
      --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.pub  \
      --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.key  \
      --service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local \
      --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname  \
      --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,NodeRestriction,ResourceQuota  \
      --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC  \
      --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true  \
      --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.pem  \
      --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client.pem  \
      --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client-key.pem  \
      --requestheader-allowed-names=aggregator  \
      --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group  \
      --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra-  \
      --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User
      # --token-auth-file=/etc/kubernetes/token.csv

Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=10s
LimitNOFILE=65535

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动apiserver:
所有Master节点开启kube-apiserver:

systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable --now kube-apiserver

检测kube-server状态:

# systemctl status kube-apiserver

● kube-apiserver.service - Kubernetes API Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sat 2020-08-22 21:26:49 CST; 26s ago 

ControllerManager:
所有Master节点配置kube-controller-manager service:
注意本文档使用的k8s Pod网段为172.16.0.0/12，该网段不能和宿主机的网段、k8s Service网段的重复，请按需修改:

[root@k8s-master01 pki]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-controller-manager \
      --v=2 \
      --logtostderr=true \
      --address=127.0.0.1 \
      --root-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \
      --cluster-signing-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \
      --cluster-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca-key.pem \
      --service-account-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.key \
      --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager.kubeconfig \
      --leader-elect=true \
      --use-service-account-credentials=true \
      --node-monitor-grace-period=40s \
      --node-monitor-period=5s \
      --pod-eviction-timeout=2m0s \
      --controllers=*,bootstrapsigner,tokencleaner \
      --allocate-node-cidrs=true \
      --cluster-cidr=172.16.0.0/12 \
      --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.pem \
      --node-cidr-mask-size=24
      
Restart=always
RestartSec=10s

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

所有Master节点启动kube-controller-manager:

[root@k8s-master01 pki]# systemctl daemon-reload

[root@k8s-master01 pki]# systemctl enable --now kube-controller-manager
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kube-controller-manager.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service.

查看启动状态:

[root@k8s-master01 pki]# systemctl enable --now kube-controller-manager
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kube-controller-manager.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service.
[root@k8s-master01 pki]# systemctl  status kube-controller-manager
● kube-controller-manager.service - Kubernetes Controller Manager
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Fri 2020-12-11 20:53:05 CST; 8s ago
     Docs: https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
 Main PID: 7518 (kube-controller)

Scheduler:
所有Master节点配置kube-scheduler service:

[root@k8s-master01 pki]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service 
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-scheduler \
      --v=2 \
      --logtostderr=true \
      --address=127.0.0.1 \
      --leader-elect=true \
      --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/scheduler.kubeconfig

Restart=always
RestartSec=10s

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

[root@k8s-master01 pki]# systemctl daemon-reload

[root@k8s-master01 pki]# systemctl enable --now kube-scheduler
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kube-scheduler.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service.

八.TLS Bootstrapping配置

在Master01创建bootstrap：

cd /root/k8s-ha-install/bootstrap
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes     --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem     --embed-certs=true     --server=https://192.168.0.236:8443     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials tls-bootstrap-token-user     --token=c8ad9c.2e4d610cf3e7426e --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context tls-bootstrap-token-user@kubernetes     --cluster=kubernetes     --user=tls-bootstrap-token-user     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context tls-bootstrap-token-user@kubernetes     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig


[root@k8s-master01 bootstrap]# mkdir -p /root/.kube ; cp /etc/kubernetes/admin.kubeconfig /root/.kube/config
[root@k8s-master01 bootstrap]# kubectl create -f bootstrap.secret.yaml 
secret/bootstrap-token-c8ad9c created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubelet-bootstrap created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/node-autoapprove-bootstrap created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/node-autoapprove-certificate-rotation created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:kube-apiserver created

九.Node节点配置

Master01节点复制证书至Node节点：

cd /etc/kubernetes/

for NODE in k8s-master02 k8s-master03 k8s-node01 k8s-node02; do
     ssh $NODE mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/pki /etc/etcd/ssl /etc/etcd/ssl
     for FILE in etcd-ca.pem etcd.pem etcd-key.pem; do
       scp /etc/etcd/ssl/$FILE $NODE:/etc/etcd/ssl/
     done
     for FILE in pki/ca.pem pki/ca-key.pem pki/front-proxy-ca.pem bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig; do
       scp /etc/kubernetes/$FILE $NODE:/etc/kubernetes/${FILE}
 done
 done

Kubelet配置：
所有节点创建相关目录：

mkdir -p /var/lib/kubelet /var/log/kubernetes /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d /etc/kubernetes/manifests/

所有节点配置kubelet service：

[root@k8s-master01 bootstrap]# vim  /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=docker.service
Requires=docker.service

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kubelet

Restart=always
StartLimitInterval=0
RestartSec=10

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

所有节点配置kubelet service的配置文件：

vim /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubelet.conf


[Service]
Environment="KUBELET_KUBECONFIG_ARGS=--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig"
Environment="KUBELET_SYSTEM_ARGS=--network-plugin=cni --cni-conf-dir=/etc/cni/net.d --cni-bin-dir=/opt/cni/bin"
Environment="KUBELET_CONFIG_ARGS=--config=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-conf.yml --pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause-amd64:3.2"
Environment="KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS=--node-labels=node.kubernetes.io/node='' "
ExecStart=
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kubelet $KUBELET_KUBECONFIG_ARGS $KUBELET_CONFIG_ARGS $KUBELET_SYSTEM_ARGS $KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS

创建kubelet的配置文件：

[root@k8s-master01 bootstrap]# vim /etc/kubernetes/kubelet-conf.yml
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: KubeletConfiguration
address: 0.0.0.0
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
authentication:
  anonymous:
    enabled: false
  webhook:
    cacheTTL: 2m0s
    enabled: true
  x509:
    clientCAFile: /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem
authorization:
  mode: Webhook
  webhook:
    cacheAuthorizedTTL: 5m0s
    cacheUnauthorizedTTL: 30s
cgroupDriver: systemd
cgroupsPerQOS: true
clusterDNS:
- 10.96.0.10
clusterDomain: cluster.local
containerLogMaxFiles: 5
containerLogMaxSize: 10Mi
contentType: application/vnd.kubernetes.protobuf
cpuCFSQuota: true
cpuManagerPolicy: none
cpuManagerReconcilePeriod: 10s
enableControllerAttachDetach: true
enableDebuggingHandlers: true
enforceNodeAllocatable:
- pods
eventBurst: 10
eventRecordQPS: 5
evictionHard:
  imagefs.available: 15%
  memory.available: 100Mi
  nodefs.available: 10%
  nodefs.inodesFree: 5%
evictionPressureTransitionPeriod: 5m0s
failSwapOn: true
fileCheckFrequency: 20s
hairpinMode: promiscuous-bridge
healthzBindAddress: 127.0.0.1
healthzPort: 10248
httpCheckFrequency: 20s
imageGCHighThresholdPercent: 85
imageGCLowThresholdPercent: 80
imageMinimumGCAge: 2m0s
iptablesDropBit: 15
iptablesMasqueradeBit: 14
kubeAPIBurst: 10
kubeAPIQPS: 5
makeIPTablesUtilChains: true
maxOpenFiles: 1000000
maxPods: 110
nodeStatusUpdateFrequency: 10s
oomScoreAdj: -999
podPidsLimit: -1
registryBurst: 10
registryPullQPS: 5
resolvConf: /etc/resolv.conf
rotateCertificates: true
runtimeRequestTimeout: 2m0s
serializeImagePulls: true
staticPodPath: /etc/kubernetes/manifests
streamingConnectionIdleTimeout: 4h0m0s
syncFrequency: 1m0s
volumeStatsAggPeriod: 1m0s

启动所有节点kubelet：

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now kubelet

此时系统日志/var/log/messages：

Unable to update cni config: no networks found in /etc/cni/net.d 显示只有如下信息为正常

查看集群状态：
[root@k8s-master01 bootstrap]# kubectl get node


kube-proxy配置：
在Master01执行：

cd /root/k8s-ha-install
kubectl -n kube-system create serviceaccount kube-proxy
kubectl create clusterrolebinding system:kube-proxy         --clusterrole system:node-proxier         --serviceaccount kube-system:kube-proxy
SECRET=$(kubectl -n kube-system get sa/kube-proxy \
    --output=jsonpath='{.secrets[0].name}')
JWT_TOKEN=$(kubectl -n kube-system get secret/$SECRET \
--output=jsonpath='{.data.token}' | base64 -d)
PKI_DIR=/etc/kubernetes/pki
K8S_DIR=/etc/kubernetes
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes     --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem     --embed-certs=true     --server=https://192.168.0.236:8443     --kubeconfig=${K8S_DIR}/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials kubernetes     --token=${JWT_TOKEN}     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context kubernetes     --cluster=kubernetes     --user=kubernetes     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context kubernetes     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig

在master01将kube-proxy的systemd Service文件发送到其他节点：

for NODE in k8s-master01 k8s-master02 k8s-master03; do
     scp ${K8S_DIR}/kube-proxy.kubeconfig $NODE:/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
     scp kube-proxy/kube-proxy.conf $NODE:/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.conf
     scp kube-proxy/kube-proxy.service $NODE:/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service
 done



 
for NODE in k8s-node01 k8s-node02; do
     scp /etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig $NODE:/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
     scp kube-proxy/kube-proxy.conf $NODE:/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.conf
     scp kube-proxy/kube-proxy.service $NODE:/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service
 done

所有节点启动kube-proxy：

[root@k8s-master01 k8s-ha-install]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@k8s-master01 k8s-ha-install]# systemctl enable --now kube-proxy
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kube-proxy.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service.

十.安装Calico

在master01执行：
修改calico-etcd.yaml的以下位置

cd /root/k8s-ha-install/calico/
sed -i 's#etcd_endpoints: "http://:"#etcd_endpoints: "https://192.168.0.107:2379,https://192.168.0.108:2379,https://192.168.0.109:2379"#g' calico-etcd.yaml

ETCD_CA=`cat /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-ca.pem | base64 | tr -d '\n'`
ETCD_CERT=`cat /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd.pem | base64 | tr -d '\n'`
ETCD_KEY=`cat /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-key.pem | base64 | tr -d '\n'`

sed -i "s@# etcd-key: null@etcd-key: ${ETCD_KEY}@g; s@# etcd-cert: null@etcd-cert: ${ETCD_CERT}@g; s@# etcd-ca: null@etcd-ca: ${ETCD_CA}@g" calico-etcd.yaml


sed -i 's#etcd_ca: ""#etcd_ca: "/calico-secrets/etcd-ca"#g; s#etcd_cert: ""#etcd_cert: "/calico-secrets/etcd-cert"#g; s#etcd_key: "" #etcd_key: "/calico-secrets/etcd-key" #g' calico-etcd.yaml

# 更改此处为自己的pod网段
POD_SUBNET="172.16.0.0/12"

sed -i 's@# - name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR@- name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR@g; s@#   value: "192.168.0.0/16"@  value: '"${POD_SUBNET}"'@g' calico-etcd.yaml

执行并查看容器状态：

[root@k8s-master01 calico]# kubectl apply -f calico-etcd.yaml
[root@k8s-master01 calico]# kubectl  get po -n kube-system

十一.安装CoreDNS

1.安装对应版本：

cd /root/k8s-ha-install/
sed -i "s#10.96.0.10#10.96.0.10#g" CoreDNS/coredns.yaml

安装coredns

[root@k8s-master01 k8s-ha-install]# kubectl  create -f CoreDNS/coredns.yaml 
serviceaccount/coredns created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:coredns created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:coredns created
configmap/coredns created
deployment.apps/coredns created
service/kube-dns created

2.安装最新版CoreDNS：（选其中一种安装即可）

git clone https://github.com/coredns/deployment.git
cd deployment/kubernetes
# ./deploy.sh -s -i 10.96.0.10 | kubectl apply -f -
serviceaccount/coredns created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:coredns created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:coredns created
configmap/coredns created
deployment.apps/coredns created
service/kube-dns created
查看状态
 # kubectl get po -n kube-system -l k8s-app=kube-dns
NAME                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
coredns-85b4878f78-h29kh   1/1     Running   0          8h

十二.安装Metrics Server

在新版的Kubernetes中系统资源的采集均使用Metrics-server，可以通过Metrics采集节点和Pod的内存、磁盘、CPU和网络的使用率。

安装metrics server：

cd /root/k8s-ha-install/metrics-server-0.4.x/

kubectl  create -f .

serviceaccount/metrics-server created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:aggregated-metrics-reader created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:metrics-server created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/metrics-server-auth-reader created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/metrics-server:system:auth-delegator created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:metrics-server created
service/metrics-server created
deployment.apps/metrics-server created
apiservice.apiregistration.k8s.io/v1beta1.metrics.k8s.io created

等待metrics server启动然后查看状态：

[root@k8s-master01 metrics-server-0.4.x]# kubectl  top node
NAME           CPU(cores)   CPU%   MEMORY(bytes)   MEMORY%   
k8s-master01   231m         5%     1620Mi          42%       
k8s-master02   274m         6%     1203Mi          31%       
k8s-master03   202m         5%     1251Mi          32%       
k8s-node01     69m          1%     667Mi           17%       
k8s-node02     73m          1%     650Mi           16%

十三.安装dashboard

Dashboard部署：Dashboard用于展示集群中的各类资源，同时也可以通过Dashboard实时查看Pod的日志和在容器中执行一些命令等。
1 安装指定版本dashboard：

cd /root/k8s-ha-install/dashboard/

[root@k8s-master01 dashboard]# kubectl  create -f .
serviceaccount/admin-user created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/admin-user created
namespace/kubernetes-dashboard created
serviceaccount/kubernetes-dashboard created
service/kubernetes-dashboard created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-certs created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-csrf created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder created
configmap/kubernetes-dashboard-settings created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
deployment.apps/kubernetes-dashboard created
service/dashboard-metrics-scraper created
deployment.apps/dashboard-metrics-scraper created

2 安装最新版：（选其中一种安装即可）
官方GitHub地址：https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard
可以在官方dashboard查看到最新版dashboard：

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.3/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml

创建管理员用户

vim admin.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding 
metadata: 
  name: admin-user
  annotations:
    rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kube-system

kubectl apply -f admin.yaml -n kube-system

登录dashboard：
在谷歌浏览器（Chrome）启动文件中加入启动参数，用于解决无法访问Dashboard的问题
–test-type –ignore-certificate-errors

更改dashboard的svc为NodePort：

kubectl edit svc kubernetes-dashboard -n kubernetes-dashboard


将ClusterIP更改为NodePort（如果已经为NodePort忽略此步骤）：
查看端口号：

根据自己的实例端口号，通过任意安装了kube-proxy的宿主机或者VIP的IP+端口即可访问到dashboard：
访问Dashboard：https://192.168.0.236:18282（请更改18282为自己的端口），选择登录方式为令牌（即token方式）：

查看token值：

[root@k8s-master01 1.1.1]# kubectl -n kube-system describe secret $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | grep admin-user | awk '{print $1}')
Name:         admin-user-token-r4vcp
Namespace:    kube-system
Labels:       
Annotations:  kubernetes.io/service-account.name: admin-user
              kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 2112796c-1c9e-11e9-91ab-000c298bf023

Type:  kubernetes.io/service-account-token

Data
====
ca.crt:     1025 bytes
namespace:  11 bytes
token:      eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9uYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJrdWJlLXN5c3RlbSIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VjcmV0Lm5hbWUiOiJhZG1pbi11c2VyLXRva2VuLXI0dmNwIiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9zZXJ2aWNlLWFjY291bnQubmFtZSI6ImFkbWluLXVzZXIiLCJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLmlvL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50L3NlcnZpY2UtYWNjb3VudC51aWQiOiIyMTEyNzk2Yy0xYzllLTExZTktOTFhYi0wMDBjMjk4YmYwMjMiLCJzdWIiOiJzeXN0ZW06c2VydmljZWFjY291bnQ6a3ViZS1zeXN0ZW06YWRtaW4tdXNlciJ9.bWYmwgRb-90ydQmyjkbjJjFt8CdO8u6zxVZh-19rdlL_T-n35nKyQIN7hCtNAt46u6gfJ5XXefC9HsGNBHtvo_Ve6oF7EXhU772aLAbXWkU1xOwQTQynixaypbRIas_kiO2MHHxXfeeL_yYZRrgtatsDBxcBRg-nUQv4TahzaGSyK42E_4YGpLa3X3Jc4t1z0SQXge7lrwlj8ysmqgO4ndlFjwPfvg0eoYqu9Qsc5Q7tazzFf9mVKMmcS1ppPutdyqNYWL62P1prw_wclP0TezW1CsypjWSVT4AuJU8YmH8nTNR1EXn8mJURLSjINv6YbZpnhBIPgUGk1JYVLcn47w

将token值输入到令牌后，单击登录即可访问Dashboard：

十四.集群验证

集群验证,必须要做。
安装busybox
kubectl apply -f .

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: busybox
  namespace: default
spec:
  containers:
  - name: busybox
    image: busybox:1.28
    command:
      - sleep
      - "3600"
    imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
  restartPolicy: Always
EOF

集群验证必须满足以下条件：

1.Pod必须能解析Service
2.Pod必须能解析跨namespace的Service
3.每个节点都必须要能访问Kubernetes的kubernetes svc 443和kube-dns的service 53
4.Pod和Pod之前要能通
 a)同namespace能通信
 b)跨namespace能通信
 c)跨机器能通

验证：

1.Pod必须能解析Service
[root@k8s-master01 CoreDNS]# kubectl exec  busybox -n default -- nslookup kubernetes
Server:    192.168.0.10
Address 1: 192.168.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local

Name:      kubernetes
Address 1: 192.168.0.1 kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local

2.Pod必须能解析跨namespace的Service
[root@k8s-master01 CoreDNS]# kubectl exec  busybox -n default -- nslookup kube-dns.kube-system
Server:    192.168.0.10
Address 1: 192.168.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local

Name:      kube-dns.kube-system
Address 1: 192.168.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local

3.每个节点都必须要能访问Kubernetes的kubernetes svc 443和kube-dns的service 53
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# telnet 10.96.0.1 443
Trying 10.96.0.1...
Connected to 10.96.0.1.
Escape character is '^]'.

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get svc -n kube-system
NAME             TYPE        CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                  AGE
kube-dns         ClusterIP   10.96.0.10             53/UDP,53/TCP,9153/TCP   15m
metrics-server   ClusterIP   10.102.51.65           443/TCP                  13m

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# telnet 10.96.0.10 53
Trying 10.96.0.10...
Connected to 10.96.0.10.
Escape character is '^]'.
Connection closed by foreign host.

4.Pod和Pod之前要能通
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl exec -it busybox -- sh  
/ # ping 172.16.85.193  #此IP为dashboard的IP
PING 172.16.85.193 (172.16.85.193): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 172.16.85.193: seq=0 ttl=62 time=0.335 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.85.193: seq=1 ttl=62 time=1.198 ms

十五.生产环境较关键性配置

1.设置docker下载源地址，设置重启docker后，正在运行的容器不会重启设置：

vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
 "registry-mirrors": [
    "https://registry.docker-cn.com",
    "http://hub-mirror.c.163.com",
    "https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"
  ],
 "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
 "max-concurrent-downloads": 10,
 "max-concurrent-uploads": 5,
 "log-opts": {
   "max-size": "300m",
   "max-file": "2"
 },
 "live-restore": true
}

2.设置证书过期时间：默认为1年，可以修改为100年。

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service

# --feature-gates=RotateKubeletClientCertificate=true,RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true \
--cluster-signing-duration=876000h0m0s \

3.kubelet.conf配置文件优化

vim /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubelet.conf 

[Service]

Environment="KUBELET_KUBECONFIG_ARGS=--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig --bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig"

Environment="KUBELET_SYSTEM_ARGS=--network-plugin=cni --cni-conf-dir=/etc/cni/net.d --cni-bin-dir=/opt/cni/bin"

Environment="KUBELET_CONFIG_ARGS=--config=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-conf.yml  --pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause-amd64:3.1"

Environment="KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS=--tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384    --image-pull-progress-deadline=30m"

ExecStart=

ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kubelet $KUBELET_KUBECONFIG_ARGS $KUBELET_CONFIG_ARGS $KUBELET_SYSTEM_ARGS $KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS
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